Kuala Sepetang Mangrove

Mangrove play an important aspect in our ecosystem by providing shelter for some living beings and preseservation of the soile erosion. Another aspect of mangrove is able to prevent tidal wave such as "tsunami" . The mangrove trees are known for it hardness and the durability of its wood and is use for construction in where it is prone to water or even building stilts for the houses on the water. Houses in fishing villages uses mangrove trees to built the stilts and is is very lasting.

Another product from mangrove trees is that they are use to make charcoal . There are charcoal factories in Kuala Sepetang.

So where is Kuala Sepetang?

Kuala Sepetang is located in the Larut Matang district. If you are coming from Penang or North of Peninsular Malaysia, upon reaching a cross junction called Simpang, turn to the right and then upon reaching another "T" junction, turn to the right and go straight.

Along the way we may see numerous trees among them is the mangroves.

Module 9 Tourism Developement

Module 9. Tourism development

1. List of several major items available in a ‘luxury’ hotel compared to a budget hotel.
List of facilities;-
Room Facilities
Air Conditioned
Cable Television
International Direct Dial Telephone
Mini Bar
Safe Deposit Box
Broadband Internet Access
Hotel Facilities
Parking
Lift/Elevator
Porter Service
24 Hour Security
24 Hour Front Desk
Currency Exchange
Baggage Storage Area
Handicapped Rooms Available
Shuttle Service
Dining & Entertainment
Restaurants and Coffee house
Lobby Lounge
Sports & Leisure
Fitness Centre
Massage Service
Outdoor Swimming Pool
Meeting Facilities
Conference Facilities
Meeting/Banquet Facilities

Tourism Product Module 37

Module 37 (B)


Case1.

2 new places and products will as follows;-


a) Penang War Museum , Batu Maung
The Penang War Museum is a historical site originally a fortress is located at Batu Maung Hill, south east of Penang Island. It was built in the 1930's by the British to protect the island from the invasion of enemies. This 20 acres site is located on a hill and you will be able to see the Straits of Melaka as well as the surrounding areas from here. The construction of this fortress was done by The British Royal Engineers and local labourers. This complicated fort has all the features of a typical defence facilities with underground military tunnels and ammunition bunkers. The ammunition storage is located 9 metres underground with thick stonewall to enable it to withstand enemy's fire.
Canon firing bays, cook houses, well, logistic centre, hall, offices, sleeping quarters and medical infirmary are also preserved for your journey of discovery here. There are even underground tunnels that go all the way to the Straits of Melaka for access to submarines.
This is a site it will show the history of Penang during the period of war and a historical site which one see the how the military of the various forces in Penang especially the British and the Japanese.
This how we can show the visitor of going back in time and history will serves as a good teacher for new generation on the implication of war and thus providing a clear perspective on how we can positively shape our society today by evading the mistakes of the past.

b) Penang Aquarium , Batu Maung

The Penang Aquarium, officially the Fisheries Department Research Institute Aquarium, is a medium-size aquarium located within the Fisheries Research Institute complex in Batu Maung, on the southeast tip of Penang Island. The aquarium has 25 tanks to showcase various types of marine life, especially those found in the regional waters. Among them are the lion fish, the boxfishes, moray eels, tangs, surgeon fish, cat sharks, stone fish, angel fish, blue spotted stingray, fox face fish, parrot fish, squirrel fish, damsels, bivalves and more. The largest tank measures 15 ft by 10 ft and houses the big fishes such as the snappers, the tudung periuk and the nyior nyior.

This very educational as most tropical fish are not available in other countries especially in countries which cold season exist. Tropical fishes are unique as they are very colorful.

Aquarium is a good place to visit for adult as well as children. There various explanations on the tropical fishes and it is a good educational tour that can help to enhance a person on preserving the nature and treasuring it as well. This will also show us how we can value the gift of nature and ensuring that it does not extinct from the surface of the earth.

On the other hand the entrance fee are very reasonable and by supporting the aquarium, it will provide financial support to upkeep the organization survivalship thus at the same helping to preserve the nature and the tropical fishes as well.


Case 2

Malaysia’s mangroves are very unique as in this mangrove; we can discover not only the various species of mangroves plants but also various type of wildlife living there. The mangrove for example Rhizophora is the one of the best gift of nature to us. It is said that one of the best thing that mangrove can do for us is prevention of erosion on soils and also protection against tidal wave such tsunami. It is actually a buffer zone against erosion. Mangroves also provide us with bountiful of strong wood that can be use for construction and to make stilts for some of the “floating houses” which is nearby the sea. But most of all the mangrove wood is use to make charcoal for our daily use.

Charcoal is a good source of removing bad odour from our refrigerator. However , since mangrove are one of the greatest gift of nature, therefore utilizing the mangrove should be done in a proper and careful to ensure that it does not extinct . The living creatures such the crab, the macaque as well as some kinds of birds proves to be a good heritage to our society. This will be a good educational lessons and a good source of tourism to be promoted. Not much of mangroves or there are even no mangroves in certain part of the world and thus proves that preserving mangroves as part of the nature heritage proves to be a good source of tourism product to be presented to visitors.

Festival in Malaysia -Module 2 (item no: 3 )

Festivals in Malaysia

i) Hari Raya Puasa;- This particular festival is celebrated on 1st of Syawal after 1 full month of fasting during the Ramadhan month. Malay community who are Muslims will go to the graves of their loves ones to give respect and offer prayers for them. Then the male Muslim will go to prayers in the mosque in the early morning of 1st Syawal which represents the 1st day of Hari Raya Puasa or commonly also known as Hari Raya Aidil Fitri. Friends and relatives will visit them to wish them and they will be serve with dishes and the most common of all is ketupat and rendang. Ketupat is made of cooked rice which is compressed and is folded in by a ‘nipah’ leaves. The leaves are similar to coconut leaves except it is softer to fold. Rendang is a spicy beef floss dish and curries are served as well. Cookies and desserts are serve to guest. As for the children, they will receive “duit raya” in which money is contain in a green packet, a similar to what Chinese is giving in Chinese New Year. In Malaysia, we also had open houses organized by VIP’s or even some organization and all Malaysians including visitors are invited to indulge themselves with the delicacies available during the particular festival.

ii) Chinese New Year;- prior before Chinese New Year, which is the eve of the Chinese New Year, members of the family will return home to get together to have a feast which is the reunion dinner. During the eve of Chinese New Year, a red cloth or red cloth with decoration is hung on the door of each family’s house. The red cloth is known as “chai”. On the Chinese New Year, there are rules to be observe and among them is that there should not sweep the floor as sweeping the floor represents sweeping away the wealth. During the first day, prayers will be offered to the deceased. On the day of Chinese New Year, children or adults alike are not permitted to talk anything bad as it is an auspicious occasion. Children will wish their parents or elders who are married, happy new year and in turn they will receive a red packet containing money which is known is “ang pow”. ‘Ang pow’ literally translated as red packet. Only married members are eligible to give ‘ang pow’ as they are deem to have grown up. Friends and relatives will visit each other house and traditional cookies is normally served, such as “kuih kapit” or love letters and ‘kuih bangkit’, a cookies made of flour. For some families who are financially established, they may invite lion dance troupe to perform at their home to usher good luck, and after the performance the host of the house may present an ‘ang pow’ to the members of the lion dance. At the same after the lion dance they may lit up fire-crackers to ward off all bad elements for the good luck to return. Unfortunately, due to safety reason, the authorities do not permit such event to take place. Food during Chinese New Year is extremely very delicious and children will enjoy most of them, especially “tnee –koay” know to the Malay as “kuih bakul” which is made of glutinous rice flour. It is a sweet food in which the name “tnee’ means sweet, while the ‘koay’ means delicacies. Exchanging of gifts is a common sight you will see during Chinese New Year and normally oranges will always accompanied together as the pronunciation of oranges in Chinese , be Hokkien which is “kam” sound like gold. Chinese New Year comes to an end on the 15th day of the calendar, which is normally known as “Chap Goh Meh” literally translated as 15th night. During this particular day, young ladies will throw oranges to the sea, wishing that they will marry a good husband.

iii) Thaipusam; - Thaipusam is celebrated by the Indians community in which Thaipusam is an annual Hindu festival which commemorates the Hindu god, Subramanian. Devotees spear their cheeks with long, shiny steel rods - often a metre long - and pierce their chests and backs with small, hook-like needles in penance.
Thaipusam falls on a full moon day in the auspicious 10th Tamil month of Thai when the constellation of Pusam, the star of well-being, rises over the eastern horizon. Drums beat out trance-inducing rhythms and long wooden pipes, known as nathaswaram, croon devotional tunes in a loud carnival atmosphere.
Hundreds of people line up along the routes to break coconuts and offer fruits to the God all along the chariot's meandering route.Throughout its history, the chariot has been pulled by up to six pairs of bulls. But in 2000, the organisers responded to accusations of animal abuse, by switching to a motorised vehicle.
However, in the island of Penang in northwestern Peninsular Malaysia, the chariot there continued to be pulled by the bulls. Many in the island's large ethnic-Chinese community also take part in the festivities, breaking hundreds of coconuts.To many Thaipusam is the day of thanksgiving or atonement for wrongs as well as a day for the devotees to fulfill their vows they made.
Spectacular edifices or kavadis are often carried or pulled by the devotees with chains and ropes anchored in the skin of their backs or chests. Kavadi are often decorated with pictures of Hindu deities .
After ritual cleansing at a stream at the foothills, they walk up the 272 steps accompanied by family and friends.
Devotees will be required to fast and observe a strict vegetarian diet for about 40 days and renounce all forms of comfort and pleasure-giving activities prior to Thaipusam . The 40 days are spent in meditation and prayer .


A devotee carrying kavadi A kavadi

iv) Maal Hijrah;- Maal Hijrah also known as Awal Muharram is a Islamic new year which is an annual event celebrated throughout whole Malaysia,
Ma'al Hijrah, is the first day in Islamic or Hijri calendar, the year during which the Hijra occurred (Islamic prophet Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Medina in the year 622A.D.). Muslims usually celebrated it on a moderate scale, usher in the eventful day by reciting Koranic verses and holding special prayers and sermons at public halls and mosques.They will also held a parade to commemorate this particular event.




v) Hungry Ghost festival;- Hungry Ghost festival is a popular occasion that is taken very seriously by the Chinese. This festival that falls on the 7th month of the lunar New Year is celebrated mainly in China and other countries like Singapore and Malaysia. It is believed by the Chinese that during this month, the gates of hell are opened to free the hungry ghosts who then wander to seek food on Earth.
Some even think that the ghosts would seek revenge on those who had wronged them in their lives. The reason why the Chinese celebrate this festival is to remember their dead family members and pay tribute to them. They also feel that offering food to the deceased appeases them and wards off bad luck. During the 7th month, the Chinese offer prayers to the deceased relatives and burn joss sticks. In Singapore, it is a common sight to see entertaining ‘wayang’ shows and concerts performed on outdoor stages in some neighborhoods. These events are always held at night. There is a belief that this entertainment would please those wandering ghosts.

An interesting superstition that the Chinese have about the festival is that it is bad to go swimming during the 7th month. They think that an evil ghost might cause you to drown in the swimming pool. In addition to this, children are also advised to return home early and not to wander around alone at night. This belief is due to the reason that the wandering ghosts might possess children. The Chinese also do a lot of offerings to the deceased. These offerings are made by burning fake money notes, which are also known as ‘hell money’ and even paper television or radio sets. Some families also burn paper houses & cars to give to their dead relatives. The Chinese feel that these offerings reach the ghosts and help them live comfortably in their world.
The Chinese regard the 15th of the month as an important date to give a feast to the ghosts. On this date, the family will cook a lot of dishes and offer them to the deceased. This is done to please the ghosts and also to gain good luck for the family. 15 days after the feast, the festival will be over, as the Chinese believe that the ghosts return back to where they come from.
vi) Deepavali;- also known as 'Festival of Lights' or Deepavali is a festival which has the potential of unifying entire India because of the charisma and splendor surrounding this festival. Deepavali has been given the traditional name of 'festival of lights' because of the hundreds and thousands of small oil lamps or diyas lighted by many households. The burning of these diyas are considered to be the lighted pathway of a person's expression of happiness and also a manner of paying obeisance to God, the Supreme power for attainment of health, prosperity, knowledge, financial security and peace in one's life.It is celebrated by Indian in Malaysia. In fact the festival of Deepavali is regarded to bring the supernatural joy and brightness in a person's life with the hope of discovering light amidst darkness, achieving happiness in place of ignorance and spreading of love amidst hatred and violence. It also signifies triumph of good over evil. In Hindu mythology the light signifies goodness and vitality. In cities candles and classy neon lights often substitute these diyas.The Hindu mythology reveals the most famous of these stories is the story revolving around Lord Ram and his family. It celebrates the homecoming of Lord Ram, who according to a legend came home to Ayodhya after defeating the evil Ravana and spending fourteen years in exile. Deepavali is also the day of Lord Ram's coronation. According to a popular legend King Dashratha had three wives by the names of Kaushalaya, Keykayee and Sumitra who had four sons Ram, Bharat, Laxmana and Shatrughan. Lord Ram, the son of Queen Kaushalaya was the eldest of all four brothers while Bharat was the son of Queen Keykayee.
During .Deepavali, friends will visit each other and they will wish them and guest will be treated with special dishes including the most popular among them is “muruku”. Guest will be treated with rice with curries dishes. Open houses which are a common culture in Malaysian Indian are normally organized by VIP’s as well as certain Indian organization.

vii) San Pedro festival; - this particular festival is celebrated by the Eurasians of Portuguese parentage community in Melaka. The Portuguese Settlement in Ujong Pasir here was a scene of dancing, singing and feasting amidst dim candles and brightly decorated fishing boats, as the Fiesta San Pedro kicked off on Saturday night. A cultural troupe showing a lively traditional dance at the Portuguese Settlement in Malacca on and guest will have a taste of the local food and watch the colourful cultural dances. It was the only traditional Portuguese village in the country, in which its people continue to practice centuries-old traditions and customs. The festival offers a colourful glimpse into the lives of the Portuguese community and over the years, Fiesta San Pedro has grown to be a popular tourist event for both Melaka and the nation.”
viii) Pesta Gawai;- Pesta Gawai or Perayaan Gawai is celebrated by the Iban , Bidayuh and Kadazan community in Sarawak to mark the end of paddy harvesting season. Usually it is celebrated in large scale at the end of the month of May or beginning of the month of June in villages, cities and towns in Sarawak. At the Gawai festival, all types of food is served including ‘air tuak’ a special beverage is presented to the ‘dewa padi dan kekayaan’. ‘Dewa padi dan kekayaan’ literally means the god of paddy and wealth. The most fascinating is the Ngajat Lesong dance performance performs by a dancer where he will lift up a ‘lesung padi’ with his teeth to demonstrate his strength. A poem will be read by one the member and a cockerel will be sacrifice by collecting it’s blood. This is the mark the opening of the Gawai and the cockerel blood will be sprinkle over the food which is presented to the ‘ dewa padi dan kekayaan’. After the completion of the ceremony, guests and the community around them are invited to the ‘ranyai’ or ‘pokok istiadat’ within the long house to enjoy the feast with them.
A lesung with a pounder

Module 23 Water Transport

L-030-3
MODULE 23
Water Transport

10.03

1. Port authorities and locations under the purview of Federal Ministry of Transport;-

a) Port Klang Authority , Selangor
b) Penang Port Commission, Penang
c) Johor Port Authority , Johor
d) Kemaman Port , Terengganu
e) Bintulu Port Authority,.Bintulu, Sarawak
f) Kuantan Port Authority, .Kuantan, Pahang


2. Facilities and activities offered by Malaysian Ports;-

a. Warehouse facilities
b. Container yards for freight station for consolidated and conventional cargo
c. Transshipment hub port facility
d. Logistic services
e. Container Tracking System Services
f. Breakbulk services, Dry bulk services, Liquid bulk services
g. Global halal hub services
h. Marine services
i. Habour pilots and tug boats
j. Installation facilities for cruise liners

3. Ports available in ;-

a. Peninsular Malaysia
i. Langkawi Port
ii. Penang Port
iii. Lumut Port
iv. Port Klang
v. Melaka Port
vi. Pasir Gudang Port
vii. Port of Tanjung Pelepas
viii. Kuantan Port
ix. Kemaman Port


b. Sabah
I. Port of Kota Kinabalu
II. Port of Sandakan
III. Port of Tawau
IV. Labuan Port

c. Sarawak

I. Bintulu Port
II. Miri Port
III. Rajang Port
IV. Kuching Port

Module 6 -Malaysian Financial System

L-030-3

Level 3,
Module 6

1. Role and function of the Central Bank of Malaysia (Bank Negara Malaysia).


Bank Negara Malaysia is the central bank for Malaysia. It was established on 26 January 1959, under the Central Bank of Malaya Ordinance, 1958, with the following objectives:
To issue currency and keep reserves safeguarding the value of the currency;
To act as a banker and financial adviser to the Government;
To promote monetary stability and a sound financial structure;
To promote the reliable, efficient and smooth operation of national payment and settlement systems and to ensure that the national payment and settlement systems policy is directed to the advantage of Malaysia; and
To influence the credit situation to the advantage of the country.



2. The effect on the economy developments in Malaysia if the ringgit experience currency ‘devalution’.

A country’s currency devaluation is the fall of value in the exchange rate of a country's currency. It can occur due to market forces, where changes in the demand for or supply of a foreign currency change the equilibrium price.
As the value of a local currency depreciates, all exports become cheaper to overseas customers. The country lost control over pricing of its domestic products. The demand for the exports will increase.

Conversely, the local prices of imports will increase causing domestic demand for these imported goods and services to fall. Inflation will increase drastically.

The conclusion is that cost of living increases and due to the devaluation of currency, the stock market of the country become even cheaper, therefore we are exposed to foreign syndicate that will speculate our stock market. Foreign financial giant syndicate may also take the opportunity to use the strength of their currency to purchase share of local bank, thus local bank ownership belongs to foreign companies. It will also increase the statistic of unemployment and a very unstable government. This in turn will cause a chaos in our financial and economic system




3. Meaning and illustration printed on the denominations of 5, 10 and 50 ringgit notes.





The RM5 polymer banknote, issued for circulation by Bank Negara Malaysia from 26 October 2004, retains the existing design, colour which is green, size and certain security features of the existing RM5 paper banknote. However, the polymer banknote is more durable and has unique security features when compared to existing paper banknote.
In addition, there are a number of new security features such as the clear window with the shadow image of the Prime Minister's office at Putrajaya, the embossed printing of numeral 5 in the window, the Bank's logo on the front of the polymer banknote, and the opaque (non-transparent) window on the back of the polymer banknote with the Bank's logo.
The theme of the new series, "Wawasan 2020" reflects Malaysia's economic development and growth towards a fully developed country. For the RM5 denomination, the background motif depicts the famous landmark in Kuala Lumpur; the Petronas Twin Tower. This is represented by Malaysia Airport of KLIA (Kuala Lumpur International Airport.) the latest and an important gateway to Malaysia. This mark the importance of the transportation in Malaysia's economy. The new series will also use RM as the currency symbol for the Malaysian Ringgit.





The theme of the new series, "Wawasan 2020" reflects Malaysia's economic development and achievement towards a fully developed country. For the RM10 denomination, the background motif depicts modern transportation by air, land and sea. This is represented by Malaysia Airlines' aircraft, Light Rail Transit System's train and Malaysia International Shipping Corporation's container vessel plying the imagery sea routes around the world to signify the importance of the transportation in Malaysia's economy. The new series will also use RM as the currency symbol for the Malaysian Ringgit.
The new RM10 note retains the red colour and the size is slightly reduced to facilitate easier handling. The intaglio (raised printing) of the portrait of the First Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong is retained as a dominant feature.





The theme of the new series, "Wawasan 2020" reflects Malaysia's economic development and achievement towards a fully developed country. For the RM50 denomination, the background motif depicts the mining sector. This is represented by a central oil drilling platform together with wellhead control valves. In the background are images of oil pipes - symbolic of the many branches of the oil industry. The new series will also use RM as the currency symbol for the Malaysian Ringgit.


4. Opinion on the best method to handle money as a traveler;
The are many ways that a person can use to handle or carry money as a traveler. Among them are in fiscal currency notes, credit cards and the most popular of them is travelers cheques. The safest in my opinion is traveler’s cheque in which it works like cash, where we have a title or proof of ownership over it unlike cash where if it is lost, any finder can utilized it. Traveler’s cheque requires the counter signatory before the bank as well as proof of identity as well as proof of purchase of the traveler's cheque. Even if the person who is not the owner finds the travelers cheque and was able to forge the signature, he or she may not be unlikely able to proof the ownership by producing the purchase slip of the traveler’s cheque. They will also not likely to produce their identity as this will expose them to be trace and subsequently arrested for theft.

Tourisn lessons Assignments -module 20

Module 20 , Level 3

Secondary Industries (B)



1. Short summary on manufacturing company;-


(a) Proton; - Proton was initiated under the directive of the then Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad. Proton is the Malaysian national automobile manufacturer (Malay acronym for PeRusahaan OTOmobil Nasional, 'National Automobile Enterprise'), which was established in 1983. It was then listed in the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (known as Bursa Malaysia). Proton Malaysia is under the management of Proton Holdings Sdn Bhd. The headquarters is in:-
HICOM Industrial EstateBatu Tiga40000 Shah AlamSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia.
The first car was launch in 1985 which is the Proton Saga. The Proton Saga is the first car produced by Malaysian auto manufacturer Proton. Originally based on the 1983 Mitsubishi Lancer Fiore, to avoid R&D costs, the Saga first debuted in September 1985 and retained its core Fiore design for two decades, before a long overdue successor designed in-house by Proton was launched to replace the ageing platform in 2008.
Since 1985, the Proton Saga and its variants contribute to most of Proton's sales and revenues. The Saga is also the longest surviving model produced by Proton, soldiering on for nearly 22 years.



(b) Perodua; - Perodua is the abbreviation of Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua is Malaysia's second automobile manufacturer after Proton. It was established in 1993 and launched their first car, the Perodua Kancil in late 1994. The shareholders of Perodua are UMW Corporation Sdn Bhd with 38% stake, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. (20%.)MBM Resources Bhd (20%), PNB Equity Resources Corporation Sdn Bhd (10%), Mitsui & Co. Ltd (7%) and Daihatsu (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (5%).Perodua mainly produces small-compact cars and therefore does not actually compete with Proton for the same market niche. Perodua organized a logo competition in 1997 to find a new corporate logo, to be launched together with their upcoming model . The competition was won by Johnson Ng Weng Kuan, an architecture student from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Perodua officially launched the new corporate logo on 24 August 1998 when they launched Malaysia's first 4x4 vehicle, the Perodua Kembara. The designer claimed that the inspiration of the design was the 'P' plate of probationary drivers, who would be the most likely to drive Perodua vehicles.




(c) Modenas ;- Modenas is the prime motorcycle manufacturer in Malaysia. It is established in 1995 its head quarters is located in Gurun, Kedah State. The history of the company began at the early 1990s. After the success of Malaysian automotive manufacturer Proton, the government looked forward to launch a national motorcycle project.
Modenas was formed in 1995 and majority of its shares were held by Kawasaki, Sojitz, Khazanah Nasional and DRB-HICOM.
Modenas achieved its 1,000,000th unit production in June 2007. Currently Modenas is exporting its products to 13 countries worldwide with Greece being the largest importer.




2. Handicraft in Malaysia can be promoted in a few ways with lower cost. Comparatively we may seem to be expensive but the price is rather reasonable due to the supplementary material that is imported. However, the pricing can be more reasonable still, by utilizing local products and employing local to make the handicraft. Due to the reason that handicraft is not a commercial product like electronics, equipments, food and etc., it is advisable that the local people who had a permanent job whom had interest in arts and culture may perform this as a part-time work. Due to the high labour cost which involves foreign workers, it is best that unemployed locals can be trained in the skills of local handicraft. This in turn will help the individual in acquiring skills as well as promoting local handicraft as one source of income should the locals want to start on their own. The quality of the handicraft will be better, as selected person whom had keen interest will be the more precise and detailed, thus quality handicraft will be produce. In conclusion, handicraft is best made by locals, who is seeking a part-time job or unemployed locals, secondly only person with keen interest are selected and thirdly, local product is fully utilized.




3. A short brief of telecommunication in Malaysia;-

a. RTM Television Station ,
RTM is the abbreviation of Radio Television Malaysia and is solely owned by the Malaysian Government. The channels in the station are basically RTM 1, RTM 2. This TV station broadcast mainly local programmes and some repeated movies of the past. The movies can sometime quite interesting too.


b. Astro,
Astro is a paid satellite TV subscribes by viewers. The station had a wide range of channel not available in RTM and international series which includes programmes on sports, music, variety, kids programme, documentary and etc. it is available in other language as well such as mandarin. Subscribers will be given choice of certain packages in which they can choose to subscribe to view . The full package is rather costly. The subscribers will be provided by the company a dish that will receive the transmission via satellite.


c. Maxis,
Maxis are a mobile telecommunication company, providing mobile wireless telephone communication for Malaysians. Maxis was granted telecommunication license to operate a nationwide GSM 900 mobile network, fixed network and international gateway in 1993. However it started its operation in 1995. The mobile services are prepaid phones services and post-paid phone services as well. Their main brand name for prepaid is Hotlink while post-paid is Maxis. The company also provides broadband and 3G services. The Maxis 3G was launched in 1995. Maxis had also extended into international market as well namely Indonesia and India currently. The beginning prefixes identifier phone code of this company is normally 012 followed by the phone number. Maxis are also embarking to corporate responsibilities to help the needy in the country by organizing programmes that may help certain unfortunate public in general.


d. Digi ,
Digi is also a mobile telecommunication company that provides mobile telecommunication for Malaysians in general. 49 % share of the company is owned by Telenor ASA of Norway. It is founded in 1995 and was listed in the KL Stock Exchange in 1997.at that moment of time it is known as Mutiara Swisscom Berhad. Later it had been renamed to Digi Malaysia Berhad.
It’s headquarters is located at Subang Hi-tech Industrial Park.Digi became the first telco in Malaysia to launch and operate a fully It is the only mobile telecommunication service provider that provide GPRS services which was later upgraded to EDGE. It had similar services too of providing prepaid and post-paid services. It is a very popular brand among Malaysians due to it technological services. It uses the native dialing prefix identifier of "010", "016", "0143", "0146" and "0149.


e. Telekom ,
Telekom Malaysia originally was a fully government owned agency before its corporatization and privatization in 12 October 1984.TM was listed on the Bursa Malaysia on 9 September 1990.
It was the second largest telecommunication company in South East Asia region. It is the sole DSL broadband provider in the country. It has a monopoly on the fixed line network and has a considerable market share of the mobile communications market after its acquisition of Celcom and merging with its mobile operation arm, TMTouch. Broadband connectivity is through DSL under TM Net's Streamyx brand.
Celcom is one of the 3G service providers similar to Digi and Maxis.
Originally known as Jabatan Telekom Malaysia with the initially of providing fixed telephone line to general public.
Telekom Malaysia is government-linked company (GLC) in which the government of Malaysia is holding about 36% of the share stake.
Subsidiaries associated to Telekom Malaysia are TM Net, Multimedia University, Multimedia College and VADS Sdn Bhd.VADS is a subsidiary of the TM Group of Companies which is strongly involved in IT development industry.